24 February 1942. Butterworth, Malaya
When the 6 Division Cavalry Regiment had returned from North Africa and been redesignated as 8 Division Cavalry Regiment, they had been used to making do with whatever was at hand. Starting off with universal carriers, a few light tanks, even horses for a time, they’d taken ownership of some Italian tanks and tankettes which had managed to fool the Italians long enough to capture Tobruk.
The Regiment’s Light Aid Detachment and workshop, recently arrived at Butterworth, had plenty of experience of being inventive in fixing up all sorts of broken vehicles, and the M3 Stuart tanks had taken plenty of work to keep them on the road. One of the effects of the battles around Ipoh had been trying to figure out ways of winkling out Japanese units from all sorts of dugouts and protected positions. Much of the work had been done by the infantry with a variety of explosive devices.
When the Australians had been running about in Italian tanks, they’d had the chance to examine a CV33 flame-throwing tankette. It was something they’d all be glad not to be on the receiving end of it, but the idea had been floated as a possible solution to digging out the Japanese. Quite a few Japanese flamethrowers had been captured and these had been examined and tested. The range of the Type 100 flame was a maximum of 30 yards. A couple of the Japanese flamethrowers had been sent back to Singapore to be examined to see if they could be copied, even improved upon. The idea was simple enough to copy though there were different opinions about the best way of increasing the range.
The fact that the flamethrowers seemed to be issued to Japanese engineers, had become a matter of debate about how best to use them. The Australians had, not unusually, kept a couple for themselves. The weight of the whole unit, when loaded was just under 60lbs, which the men agreed was too heavy for general use. Those that’d been captured were designed as a backpack, but it could only be carried for short distances. Loading it onto a universal carrier was possible, a bit like the Italian tankette. They’d be able then to carry more fuel for it. The reality was that the universal carrier was still going to be too vulnerable.
One Stuart tank’s turret had been damaged and jammed too badly to be fixed locally. As usual the tank was being stripped of anything useful before being sent back for a full repair job. A couple of the mechanics, when they were removing the .30 hull machine gun, had suggested trying to put one of the captured flamethrowers in its place. The suggestion was taken to the OC of the workshop, who was happy to see whether or not it could be done. There was a fair bit of trepidation, no one liked the idea of putting something that flammable inside the tank.
A bit of inventive bodging got the flamethrower set up in place of the hull mounted machine gun, and it was tested successfully. The problem was that the tank would need to come within a very short range of a target to successfully engage it. The Stuart tank had proven to be vulnerable to all sorts of Japanese countermeasures (not least the use of flamethrowers). Putting it in a Matilda II would certainly provide the crew with extra protection, and it seemed that someone had already been thinking along those lines.
In the meantime, there wasn’t a great deal of the Japanese nitrogen to provide the pressure or the odd mixture of petrol and tar that they used as fuel. The Australians had some ideas about what could be used to pressurise the fuel and what would be the best mixture for the fuel itself. Nobody had much time to give it more thought, but back at Singapore the Royal Armoured Corps depot saw the report of the Australian tinkering and could see the advantages of having a few flame tanks in each tank battalion. A corner of one of the workshops became the ‘dragon den’, where more thought and tinkering went on. One of the men had taken to calling the fire projector ‘Smaug’ after the dragon in Tolkien’s novel ‘The Hobbit.’ The reports eventually found themselves in the hands of Major-General Percy Hobart and the Petroleum Warfare Department. In response the PWD sent notes on some of its work back to Singapore, allowing for more cross-fertilisation of the idea of giving the allies an effective flame tank.