Spain and the Philippines would be the big one, since the CSA would be in prime position to intervene in Spanish Cuba (and Puerto Rico) during the revolts there. The biggest problem on their side is that unlike the US, they're much more dependent on what Britain and especially France (Second Empire would be their biggest ally) say they can do since even crash industrialisation won't give them the self-sustaining industry to supply a war in the Caribbean. But assuming sometime between 1875 and 1900 they conquer Cuba and Puerto Rico, then that's pretty damaging to Spain's prestige and reputation and would certainly new powers like Germany or Japan to try and move in on the Philippines. The US TTL would have less interests on the other side of the Pacific and no reason to start a war with Spain, so they might just be a mediator.
I'm not totally sure what would happen in the Philippines. Maybe there's an independent Filipino Republic with Chinese-style concession territories to Japan and Germany, and maybe another Great Power like the US? Or perhaps it's like Qajar Persia where it's independent but the Great Powers have economic zones? But either way, that's going to change how both Japan and Germany evolve since it gives them a much bigger foothold than OTL in that corner of Asia.
As for alliances, the Entente CSA cliche exists for a reason. They would continue exporting cotton and tobacco to British factories, and maybe even American factories if relations improve. They're pretty much a side show, just like Brazil and Argentina were OTL.
Unless one believes that butterflies beget butterflies, I don't see a surviving CSA having a direct impact on Asia and the Pacific Basin. TTL USA is not going to have power projection into the Pacific. I also do not see an impact on Africa or European affairs outside of GB and France. TTL CSA is going to be relatively weak and concerned with survival in North America. If the POD is Franco-British diplomatic intervention following CSA victories on both fronts of the 1862 offensive, then there will be a strain in USA relations with those powers. But eventually I see those relations adjusting to whatever are the current needs of the USA and those powers. If the POD is the Union throwing in the towel because of war weariness in 1864 then the international effects will be even less. A surviving CSA, at least initially, is going to be a weak and fractious state with little industry and little power projection capabilty.
The US had been projecting power into the Pacific since the War of 1812 because of New Englander interests in whaling and the maritime fur trade. By the ACW, American influence was very rooted in Hawaii. There's essentially no reason why the US wouldn't keep up their competition in the Pacific, especially since relations with Britain may be more hostile TTL. Yes, the US will be poorer, but it will have a larger military to project power in the Pacific.